Canadian diamonds are sought-after all over the world for their conflict-free origins. They also have a slightly different atomic structure to other diamonds, with fewer internal irregularities, which allows a better flow of light through the stones. It is certainly fitting that this vast white landscape is now synonymous with the world’s purest gems, but when were they discovered, where are they mined and can they be marketed as the truly ‘green’ choice?

Canada is now the world’s third-largest diamond-producing country in terms of value and the fifth largest by volume, accounting for just under 10% of global diamond production in 2015.

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With no nearby towns or settlements, the mines also need to provide housing and facilities for their employees, who travel in for shifts that can last for weeks. Bruno Sane, General Manager Marketing for Rio Tinto Diamonds, says: “The [Diavik] mine is situated in a continuous permafrost zone, 100 kilometres north of the tree line – the latitude above which trees cannot survive the cold temperatures.

As the open-pit mines have been depleted, companies have been forced to move production underground, which extends the life of the mine but is more expensive and comes with its own set of challenges. The dike is wired with sensors that monitor temperature, pressure and movement to ensure it stays in place through all mining operations and weather conditions.

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Water, air, plant life and wildlife are all assessed for any potential effects from the mine.

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Tim Ingle, one half of UK-based ethical jeweller Ingle & Rhode, says that while the Canadian employment law, health and safety standards, and environmental legislation, ensure that the diamonds are mined in a responsible manner, this is only one part of the equation: “One area that consumers need to check is where the diamonds are cut and polished, and whether this is being done in an ethical way, for example without the use of sweatshops or child labour.”

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By its very nature, diamond mining will never be a completely ‘green’ industry as creating huge open pits in a previously untouched landscape will always have implications. No large-scale mine is ethical – it is just best practice and staying within the legal parameters. “I’d give it 7.

Evert P.

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We know which mines the stones come from, and we know that they are being processed in modern, high-tech facilities that are run in a responsible and professional manner.”

The Canadians have been very successful in differentiating themselves on the basis of provenance.

With rough diamonds that are shipped overseas, the process is slightly different. However, if the parcels are split up and mixed in with diamonds from other sources or larger gems are cut into smaller stones, the tracking of individual diamonds becomes extremely difficult. “Consumers receive great comfort from knowing that each Forevermark diamond benefits the community from which it originates.” Each parcel is marked with a serial number to identify the mine of origin and, depending on their size, some stones are inscribed with a unique code.

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For some jewellery brands, ‘Canadian’ has become a fifth ‘C’ to add to the traditional quartet of carat, clarity, cut and colour.

However, whether or not this premium is passed on to the end consumer is up to the individual jewellers. For brands that put ethics at (simply click the next website) the heart of their business, it is a small price to pay to be able to offer clients a fully traceable and guaranteed conflict-free diamond.