Even those who have been playing for decades still find room to learn. Bridge is special in allowing players to have a creative and complex auction. When the bidding is over, the play of the hand starts. The play comprises 13 tricks in all. It’s customary to keep a second pack ready for the next hand.
In the diagrammed deal, West deals and passes, and North opens the bidding 1.
East passes. West passes. The next three players all pass. North bids 3 and, after East passes,
South bids 6. This is a bid to take 12 out of the 13 tricks on the hand,
which South expects to happen. Simply put, if you can manage to win the bid at a suit in which your side has more cards than the other side has, it will greatly help in winning tricks. South, the first
to bid s for the winning bidders, becomes declarer at a contract of 6. The dealer starts the bidding. A bid is a number 1-7 plus a suit (, , , , or NT). Each time it’s your turn, you may bid or pass (make no bid).
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Auction: bidding for number of tricks to be taken in the game
Contract: number of tricks declarer must take to satisfy his or her bid
Declarer: winner of the auction, the player who tries to make the contract
Dummy: declarer’s partner; the dummy hand is laid face up on the table
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Double: in the auction a bid to double the score or the penalties if a contract is made or set
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Major: a heart or spade card
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Minor: a diamond or club card
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Not vulnerable: a side that has not won a game yet in a rubber.
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Overcall: a bid made after opponents have opened the bidding
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Raise: a bid in a suit that partner has already bid
Rebid: your second bid
Redouble: doubling a double
Response: your call in the auction when your partner has opened the bidding
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Rubber: two games
Ruff: to trump
Set: to defeat a contract
Singleton: just one card of a suit
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Table: the dummy
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Undertricks: number of tricks the declaring side falls short of the contract
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Void: no cards in a suit
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Vulnerable: a side that has won a game in a rubber
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For a complete listing of card terminology, click here.
The lowest bid, 1, is a contract your side would fulfill by taking at least 7 tricks with clubs as trumps.
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The bidding can start with any opening bid. (In Bridge, s and s are called majors; s and s are called minors). Each new bid must be higher than the previous bid. During the auction, players in turn may pass or bid (or in frequent cases, may double or redouble).
The auction ends as soon as three players in a row pass. It will take a lot of practice to understand all the nuances of bidding, and we won’t get into any of the fine points here — whole books have been written about bidding strategies! However, to help you get started, here are some basic guidelines to help you develop your bidding skills. Either opponent can then redouble. Three passes end every auction, so it’s quite possible for the final contract to be doubled or redoubled, increasing the score. Whichever partner first bid the winning trump suit is called the declarer. (In the hand above, South becomes the declarer because he bid s before North). By the way, don’t let any other player see your cards during the auction. The last bid becomes the final contract. This means you double the stakes, i.e., if you make your contract, you win double the number of points — your risk is also correspondingly greater. As you continue to play, you will quickly learn that making an intelligent bid is key to winning the game.
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Arrange your hand according to suit. Add up your points. Now look at your cards to determine which is your strongest suit. To bid a suit as trump, you’ll want to have 4-5 of the suit with a minimum of 1-2 high cards. If you have 16-18 points and a fairly even distribution of cards in each suit, you may consider bidding no trump.
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The general rule of thumb is to open a bid (to bid first on your team) only if you have 13 or more points. Of course, it’s a different story if your partner has already bid because he is signaling to you that he already has sufficient points to open. In answering your partner’s opening bid, you should have at least 6-8 points to support his suit and 8-10 if you’re introducing a new suit. On the other hand, if your partner has passed and you don’t have 13 points, it may be wise for you to pass as well. In that case he is asking you if you can support his suit or if you have another suit you’d like to introduce.
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As you and your partner bid back and forth, try to ascertain how many points you have as a team. For instance, if you believe that your partner’s points and your points combine to total 28 or more, you should have enough to take a bid of 4. There are numerous other point-counting conventions, but these cover some of the essentials.
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Of course, every rule has some exceptions, and you must also pay attention to your opponents’ bidding. The declarer’s partner is now functionally out of the round, as this hand is now played by the declarer. This is called the opening lead. South rearranges the dummy hand to show trumps (s) on the left, as illustrated here: Then you have to decide, based on what your partner has bid and your own points, whether it would be a better strategy to allow your opponents’ bid to go through and try to set them or try to win the contract yourself and thus earn game points. You may find that they’re bidding a suit that is particularly strong in your hand.
When it is dummy’s turn to play, declarer selects the card to be played and plays it
or asks dummy to play what the declarer selects. Each hand in playing to a trick
must follow with a card of the suit led, but lacking that suit may play any card.
Whichever hand wins a trick will lead any card to the next trick.
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Once the opening card has been led, each player must follow suit if able. High trump or highest card in the suit led wins the trick. The winner of each trick leads to the next. Should you be deficient in the suit led, you are free to play any other card, including trump. If the trick is won by a card from the dummy¹s hand (or “board”), the next trick must be led from the board.
The first time trump is played, trump is said to be broken. Only after trump has been broken may anyone lead with a trump — unless they have no other suits available.
Here is a sample round using the hands introduced on the first page:
West begins by leading the 5. South wins East’s J with the A.
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South continues at the fourth trick by leading the 3 to dummy’s K.
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South leads 3 to the dummy’s K.
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Now that you’ve read about the bidding and playing of a hand, you’ll need to learn about keeping score.e., took at least the number of tricks bid for) or, instead, went down. If the contract is made, the declaring side scores according to the table below. If you win six or seven tricks but did not bid that number; you are not credited with a slam. If you make a contract of 6, it’s called a small slam; a grand slam is a made contract of 7 bids. Both slams receive bonuses.
These are the scores allotted “below the line” for contracts that have been won.
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If the contract goes down, the other side scores points for undertricks, that is, the number of tricks the declaring side falls short of the contract (see chart below).
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If the contract goes down, the other side scores points
for undertricks according to the chart above. A game means 100 points in tricks bid for. For example, you might bid and make 2 on one hand (40 points), and on the next hand you might bid and make 2 (60 points). The two added together equal 100 points, enough for game. Won) according to the scoring table above. Alternatively, you can earn game in a series of deals whose final contracts end at a lower bidding level; these are called part-scores or partials.
A side that has scored one game is vulnerable, so if both sides have a game both are vulnerable. A side that hasn’t scored a game yet is not vulnerable. When defenders defeat, or set, a contract, they earn greater points whenever the other side is vulnerable. Score for the winning side is also increased when the final contract is doubled or redoubled.
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Contract scores are separated from
undertrick,overtrick and bonus
points by a line.
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Points toward game go below the line, while all other points, including bonuses and overtricks, score above the line. To show that a game was won, an additional line was added under that score.
Below is a list of scoring for bonuses and overtricks.
A rubber ends when one side scores two games.
Overtricks, honors and other additional bonus points. Winning the rubber (two games) earns a 250-point bonus. As a start, make sure to notice and remember the first time someone doesn’t follow
to a trick. It also helps to develop an ease with the number 13. That’s the number of cards in a suit, the number or cards each player is dealt, and the number of tricks in the play. A rubber ends when one side scores two games. This will occur over time. When one side reaches 30, Buy Diamonds Rings – via – both sides start anew on the next game.
Failing to make a contract costs 50 per trick undoubled, 100 doubled, and 200 redoubled.
Winning 12 of 13 tricks earns a 50-point small slam bonus, and winning all 13 tricks (a grand slam) receives a 100-point reward. But you might not have found the best suit for your side. Failing to make a contract costs 50 per trick undoubled, 100 doubled, and 200 redoubled. Overtricks (extra tricks made) at a doubled contract count 50 each, and redoubled overtricks are 100 each. Making doubled or redoubled contracts doubles or redoubles the trick-score.
Look to take as many tricks as you can, since the possibility of winning a game or slam is alive on every hand. Players sit next to (not opposite) each other. Dealer deals out four hands, including a dummy hand for each player. Players select the cards played only from among the exposed cards in their dummy hands. Deal the last card face up next to the rows. Any newly revealed card may now be played. Then place one card face up on top of each face-down card. After the trick is finished, turn up any uncovered card in their dummy.
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This four-handed game turns all the rules upside-down! You get the score for any contract you force the opponents to make. Players will bid for the right to become declarer opposite the dummy on the table, and play out the contract against the two other players, who will defend. When your side does take a trick, try to put high cards on it from both hands so that you can save your losing cards to help you later in the hand! So, if your side wins a final contract of 4, your job is to get your opponents to take at least 10 of 13 tricks with s as trumps. Though no method comes close to the real thing, here’s one way to have some fun.
Dealer begins the bidding, and the final contract is agreed to after two passes. Shift places, if needed, to bring declarer opposite the dummy hand.
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After the opening lead, turn up the face-down dummy cards to let declarer see the dummy before planning a line of play. The third scores for an undoubled contract. A contract may be doubled and redoubled, but that applies to the scores of only the two players involved.
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You’ve learned how to play two variations on four-handed bridge as well as versions for two and three players. Now there’s no limit to developing your bridge skills — you’ll be an impressive player before you know it!
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Four, playing as two pairs, with partners facing each other.
How do you win bridge?
Each partnership tries to score points by bidding, or by defeating the opposing partnership’s bid. At the end of play, the partnership with the most points wins.